Botanical profile

Fennel

Latin name
Foeniculum vulgare
Common name
Fennel
Type
Tender annual or perennial herb
Family
Apiaceae

Fennel is an aromatic and vegetable plant much appreciated for its fine and light foliage, its aniseed scent, and its great versatility in cooking. Depending on the type grown, it can be sought after for its leaves, its seeds, or its tender and fragrant bulb. Its feathery foliage brings a very decorative texture to the vegetable garden, herb gardens, edible flowerbeds, and natural landscapes, while adding beautiful height to the garden.

Easy to grow, fennel prefers a sunny, warm, and open location, in fertile, deep, light, and well-drained soil. It appreciates regular watering, especially for bulb varieties, to obtain a more tender texture and uniform growth. Its foliage can be harvested as needed to flavor fish, salads, sauces, vegetables, soups, marinades, and Mediterranean dishes. The seeds, once ripe, are also very aromatic and used as a spice.

Both decorative, fragrant, and useful, fennel attracts pollinators and several beneficial insects to the garden thanks to its yellow flower umbels. It fits perfectly into gourmet vegetable gardens, herb gardens, and biodiversity-friendly landscapes. It is an excellent plant for gardeners looking for a generous, elegant, and flavorful herb, capable of adding an aniseed touch to both recipes and outdoor spaces.

Care guide

Care level
Easy

Choosing this plant

Main benefit
Aromatic feathery foliage and edible seeds with an aniseed flavour
Vegetable garden, herbs, edible garden, pollinator garden, aromatic bed
Container growing
Can be grown in a deep pot
Seasonal care
Remove spent flowers to limit self-seeding; water regularly during dry periods; protect from cold in cool climates
Growing conditions

Light, soil, water and hardiness

Hardiness zone
Zone 6 and above
Exposure
Full sun
Watering
Moderate; allow the soil surface to dry slightly between waterings
Humidity
Average humidity; prefers cool but well-drained soil
Fertilization
Compost at sowing; avoid excess nitrogen which promotes foliage at the expense of the bulb
Soil type
Fertile, deep, light, and well-drained soil
Soil pH
Neutral to slightly alkaline
Minimum temperature
-10°C
Propagation method
No-till farming
Plant appearance

Blooming, foliage and shape

Blooming period
Summer
Flower color
YELLOW
Fruiting
Edible aromatic seeds
Foliage color
Finely diced green
Foliage type
Obsolete
Shape
Upright, light, and airy habit
Garden structure

Size and growth

Height
90 to 150 cm (36 to 60 inches)
Width
45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 inches)
Growth rate
Rapid growth
Vegetable garden and yield

Companion planting, spacing and harvest

Companion plants
Dill, calendula, lettuces, cucumbers
Plants to avoid
Tomatoes, beans, cilantro
Spacing
45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 inches)
Harvest period
Leaves from spring to autumn; seeds from late summer to autumn
Not recommended for pets
Not recommended for pets

Pets

Butterflies
Plants that attract butterflies

Butterflies

Deer
Less attractive or generally tolerated by deer

Deer

The availability of our plants varies depending on arrivals, seasons, nursery production and supplier availability. Some varieties may be offered for a limited time only, depending on their natural cycle or current stock. These plant profiles are designed to guide and inspire you when choosing plants for the garden, landscaping projects, containers or long-lasting outdoor arrangements.